Applied Question 2 Essay - 701 Words

Lillian Hikmah Professor Kevin Cummines Intro to Music 21 November 2013 Applied Questions 2: 1. Discuss the use of music in Catholic and Protestant worship practice, from the development of polyphony, through the music of J.S. Bach. In so doing, discuss the shift in responsibility for musical development from the Catholic Church to the Lutheran Church. During the middle Ages, the Catholic Church was the sole contributor to musical development. The music of the early church was monophonic, and had nonmetric melodies set in one of the church modes, or scales. The rise or development of polyphony came about during the Renaissance period; the Council of Trent wanted polyphonic church music to be created and Palestrina composed the Pope†¦show more content†¦Beethoven contributed one of the most significant musical developments through his fifth and ninth symphonies. He used a musical motive as the basic of his entire piece. (Beethoven described the motive as â€Å"Fate knocks at the door†.) It was the first time in history that anyone had done such a thing for a multi-movement piece. Beethoven’s contribution has become a norm in the music world, even to this day. 4. As aristocratic courts and court orchestras disappeared in the first decades of the 19th century, they were replaced by city-sponsored ensembles, such as the Vienna Philharmonic. How did this affect the employability of professional musicians? Include why the aristocratic court orchestras dissolved, the employability of performers with that collapse, and the subsequent rise of the city-sponsored orchestras. The French Revolution signaled the transfer of power from a hereditary landholding aristocracy to the growing middle class. This transfer caused aristocratic courts and court orchestras to disappeared as the middle class got stronger and stronger; as a result many professional musicians had to seek work else to provide for themselves and their family. Prior to the shift, musicians were skilled workers who were paid to practice and preform music. Once the aristocratic court orchestras disappeared, many city such as Vienna started city ensembles so that musicians would still be able to be â€Å"working musicians†;Show MoreRelatedApplied Statistics in Business and Economics, by Doane and Seward: Text Questions. 2)Tab/Chapter Exercises 12.48 and 12.50 b. Chapter Exercises 13.30 and 13.32 c.Chapter Exercise 14.161581 Words   |  7 PagesTherefore, the population slope is different from zero. (D) INTERPRET THE 95 PERCENT CONFIDENCE LIMITS FOR THE SLOPE. We are 95% confident that the true population slope lies between 0.0101 and 0.0584. (E) VERIFY THAT _F_ = _T_2 FOR THE SLOPE. t^2 = 2.889^2 = 8.346 ( 8.35 = F (F) IN YOUR OWN WORDS, DESCRIBE THE FIT OF THIS REGRESSION. Since the p- values are less than 0.05, both the variables x and y have a significant influence in the regression. 12.50 IN THE FOLLOWING REGRESSION, _X_ = TOTALRead MoreBus642 - Week 1 Essay723 Words   |  3 PagesWeek One Exercises Complete Discussion Questions 1, 2, and 5 on page 22. 1. What is business research? Why should there be any question about the definition of research? Business research is a methodical process in which a company or manager recognizes a need for data in order to make effective business making decisions. â€Å"More specifically, it is a process of planning, acquiring, analyzing, and Disseminating relevant data, information, and insights to decisions makers in ways thatRead MoreACCT346 MidTerm 100percent Jan2015 Essay1668 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Grading Summary These are the automatically computed results of your exam. Grades for essay questions, and comments from your instructor, are in the Details section below. Date Taken: 2/1/2015 Time Spent: 1 h , 22 min , 27 secs Points Received: 190 / 190   (100%) Question Type: # Of Questions: # Correct: Multiple Choice 10 10 Short 4 4 Grade Details - All Questions Page:  Ã‚   1 of  Ã‚  2   Question  1. Question : (TCO 1) Which of the following is NOT a difference between Financial Accounting and ManagerialRead MoreQuiz #2810 Words   |  4 Pages------------------------------------------------- Top of Form Grade Details | Page: | 1 2 | 1. | Question : | (TCO F) Some companies use process costing and some use job-order costing. Which method a company uses depends on its industry. A number of companies in different industries are listed below: i. Custom boat builder ii. Frozen cranberry juice processor iii. Concrete block manufacturer iv. Winery that produces a number of varietal wines v. 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If the depolarization that reaches the axon is large and suprathreshold, the result in the axon is You correctly answered: c. action potentials at higherRead MoreWestmount Retirement Residence Case1488 Words   |  6 PagesResidence Case.   Table of Contents / List of Exhibits Executive Summary of my Conclusions: 3 Present System: 3 Recommended System: 3 Recommendation 1: 3 Recommendation 2: 3 Main Report: 4 - Question 1 4 - Question 2 4 - Question 3 5 - Question 4 5 Exhibits 7 Exhibit 1: 7 Exhibit 2: 7 Exhibit 4: 8 Exhibit: 5 8 Exhibit: 6 9 Exhibit: 7 10 Exhibit :8 13 References /Bibliography 15 Executive Summary of my Conclusions: Present System: The WestmountRead MoreAn Ontological Positivist Assumption Discovering Consumers Understanding Of An Effective Smm1256 Words   |  6 Pagesresearch will be based on an ontological positivist assumption discovering consumers’ understanding of an effective SMM. This research has adopted descriptive, analytical, quantitative, inductive and applied research method. The main purpose of the research is to answer the research questions set in chapter 2. This research will focus on descriptive and analytical methods. The objective of descriptive research is to identify the subject and its attributes. For analytical research, the objective is toRead MoreLenko Products Case Study808 Words   |  4 Pagesthe rate for the current year. (Show your work for credit; 2 points) Cutting Machining Assembly Total Plant Direct Labor $300,000.00 $200,000.00 $400,000.00 $900,000.00 Mfg Overhead $540,000.00 $800,000.00 $100,000.00 $1,440,000.00 1a) Plantwide O/H Rate 1,440,000/900000 1.60 b. Determine the amount of manufacturing overhead cost that would have been applied to the Hastings job.(show your work, 2 points) Direct Materials $12,000.00 $900.00 Read MoreBusiness 115 Final Exam Study Guide Essay1334 Words   |  6 Pagesmultiple choice questions worth 5 points each. There are 5 essay questions worth 20 points each. Be sure to save and save often while you are working on the exam, and submit the exam when you are finished. To earn full credit your response to each essay question should answer the question completely and average 2 – 3 paragraphs in length. The exam reflects the following course objectives and possible topics: TCO 1 Chapters 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 13 and 15 Weeks 1, 2, 4 and 5 Given

What s The Rush - 2059 Words

â€Å"You can keep your reasons to yourself. Now, what can you do for me? This is far from something that is normally done.† â€Å"How would you like if your daughter’s vitals are lifted to the highest marks.† â€Å"I guess you really want your revenge,† I chuckled. (Did the man just offer my little princess to receive the Twelfth Level Matrimonial Top Listing?) â€Å"However, don’t you think it would look strange, even for an Eighth Level, to know how to deal with these people?† â€Å"If you agree with what I want done, I will have your daughter transfer to the top school for the upper levels’ children and insure she will attend the Highest Level Planetary Academy on the Planet. I need to know your answer now.† â€Å"What’s the rush? You said I have several years until the boy was of age for an accident.† â€Å"That’s true, but the people in charge of the upper level school and the Academy are very old men and wish to see their grandchildren from several lower relationships listed high. These men wish to ensure their younger family members have the opportunity to attend their school even after they die. I can’t hold them off much longer and need your answer now. I’ll even throw in her attending school on a 12 seat school shuttle of with a traveling server.† â€Å"What about a rudimentary AISHA Unit?† I asked, calmly. â€Å"Your offer is too good to believe as it is, so why not consider this as a gift.† â€Å"I can work around the traveling server and the 12 seat school shuttle, butShow MoreRelatedCalifornia Gold Rush Essay1715 Words   |  7 PagesPrior to the Gold Rush of 1849, California was a meagerly populated, an irrelevant area of the United States for the most part possessed by the general population of Mexico. In any case, that all changed when on January 24, 1848; woodworker and little time sawmill administrator James W. Marshall found a g old piece in the American River that would always show signs of change the historical backdrop of California and America1. Not exclusively did the Gold Rush prompt California s permission into theRead MoreRisk Management786 Words   |  4 PagesASSESMENT-3 INTRODUCTION: Pizza rush is a large take-away company in Australia with a total of to take-away stores scattered in all major cities nationwide Two months ago pizza rush`s reputation is damaged by two workers who recorded themselves with a mobile phone camera while doing unpleasant things with foods and the video was uploaded on YouTube video website. Pizza rush has rented an agency for doing a public relation campaign to rescue and to save their damaged reputation withRead MoreThe Gold Rush And Discrimination1668 Words   |  7 PagesThe Gold Rush and Discrimination California is the state that well known with the largest population in the United State, and it is the most culturally and racially diverse society.When walking in the street, it can see different kinds of races and hear many different languages. â€Å"Melting pot† is a good definition to explain this diverse phenomenon, which describes that the lost of different cultures living together harmoniously in a common society. Actually, numbers of these different culturalRead MoreThe Discovery Of Gold And Australia1321 Words   |  6 Pageschanged the course of our steadily developing country. The gold rush massively impacted every aspect of the nation, although not all these changes were positive. With the gold rush came the introduction of more diverse culture, increased population and infrastructure. Before the 1850’s, Australia was a prison colony meant as a punishment for convicts of the British. However, in just the fifty years after the beginning of the Australian g old rush, Australia became an independent country. From a wildernessRead MoreThe California Gold Rush and Its Impact on Westward Expansion and the Growth of California1155 Words   |  5 PagesWhat was the California Gold Rush and how did it impact Westward Expansion and the growth of California. 1. What started the Gold Rush and who were the 49ers? Gold was found in the capital of California today Sacramento also called the Sacramento Valley in early 1848 to around 1857. The Mexican province governor gave John Sutter 50,000 acres of land to make a place his was going to call New Switzerland this land stretched from the Sacramento and the American Rivers (â€Å"Gold Rush†). 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Life Speech Free Essays

Stupid- adjective: lacking ordinary quickness and keenness of mind; Characterized by or proceeding from mental dullness; foolish; senseless. Failure- noun: lack of success, nonperformance of something required or expected; an insufficiency. Everyone has been called at least one of these, and felt that sideways glance or condescending stare from people that look over and see a low quiz grade or test score on your paper. We will write a custom essay sample on Life Speech or any similar topic only for you Order Now Especially at our school, there is lots of pressure to be â€Å"the best†, and extreme competition to get the highest grade. Many students obsess over their grades; incessantly discussing them with their friends as if nothing more important existed. There is obviously a great deal of stock put in grades by AMCHS students. It’s understandable; a high GPA or test score gets you into a good college, which in turn gets you a high paying job that helps you get ahead in life. That way you can make lots of money, buy cool stuff, and be well thought of. I’ve seen students receive what they consider a bad test score and distress about how they’ve failed, and how others might think they’re stupid. But students shouldn’t measure their self-worth by grades; they should store confidence in themselves and value their life experience. Intelligence is a relative thing. People try to categorize it as a linear component when it’s actually a multi-dimensional feature, which is why grades should be regarded as an indicator of academic achievement, not a determining factor of an individual’s brightness or intellect. Exemplary, all A, book smart students are great; but, if you can’t generalize what you learn and apply it to other situations, then you haven’t contributed to your community or history in any way. Life experience is just as valuable as high test scores. You can do as much good with a developed understanding and empathy for others as you can with a perfect test score. So, don’t distress if you find yourself not at the top of your class, because someone will always excel above you in one subject or another. Someone who is better at algebra may not be as good at geometry, or the history buff may falter with English grammar. If you try to compare yourself to others you may always find yourself not measuring up in one way or another. That is why you should be content with yourself and your best efforts. So don’t shy away from your failures, embrace them, and learn from them. Fail as many times as necessary. Failing doesn’t make you a failure, and all A’s doesn’t make you a competent individual. Remember failure isn’t fatal. You shouldn’t be angst-ridden over getting â€Å"just† a 100 that you miss the whole point of the lesson. Be encouraged to venture out, and in the words of William Zinsser ,â€Å"(w)e need more mavericks than class presidents† in this world. The world needs presidents, but they are equally as great as the dreamers and dissenters of the world. Both make history, except presidents generally happen to be far less interesting. Is that to say that there’s something wrong with good grades being a priority? Certainly not, but do not let the goal of perfect A’s, or fear of those who might call you stupid, abscond with your enjoyment of life as they dash ahead to the finish line, not realizing how short the race truly is. Your time in high school and college is a unique one. You have the benefits of freedom, but not yet the burdens of complete independence and responsibilities. You’re not tied down by a full time job, utility bills, or mortgages. So take advantage of this time; don’t chain yourself to a specific formula for success. Take time to live in the moment, even if it means setting aside the goal of a perfect score on a standardized test. You’re not a standardized individual, so why devote so much time to trying to be one? If you spend all your time trying to get ahead in life, you will end up looking back wishing you had paid more attention to the things that passed, not the fact that you passed. As the old saying goes, life isn’t about getting through the storm, it’s about learning to dance in the rain. But how can you learn if you’re afraid to get wet? Don’t step lightly to avoid messing up your coat by splashing a little mud. Get completely drenched and enjoy it. How to cite Life Speech, Essays Life speech Free Essays Live life to its fullest l’ m happy to Join with you today, base on something that all humans should do every day, every moment, every minute, every second and every breath. Life is a priceless object that god gave us. Life is a matter of choices. We will write a custom essay sample on Life speech or any similar topic only for you Order Now Life is a start and an end to our destiny. Throughout the years, from Stone Age and now, humans sometimes choose misery over enjoyment which is not wrong but also not right. It’ s the decision of each of us, wherever we want to waste precious opportunities that Life give us. Humans, Like me and you, should enjoy life to the fullest. We should avoid the chains of misery and wretchedness. We should leave the nest that we once were afraid of leaving. We should release the cage that kept our happiness and Joy and break It until It s dust that we are standing on. We should pass on happily and satisfied, once we fulfill the life we want. Everything was meant to be there, meant to be done, meant to play a role In something. We are the mall character of our life. We are the stars that shine In the light of our brightness. We are the ones that play the most Important and significant role in our life. We are the center of attention of our life. We are meant to achieve the goals we set. It would be fatal if we din t enjoy life. But we want to avoid it. Problems and mistakes are not the things that go wrong but we are. We should overcome what we think, what we feel and what we did. We can t stay the rest of our life sitting in the bench of hell waiting until the day our soul float to the sky. We need to act now, it doses ‘t matter what you need to do to complete your destiny, it doses t matter what problems you need to solve on your way to your destiny. That is what life is, a maze where a challenge, a struggle, a journey, a mystery, an adventure was to start, overcome, solved and ended. It’s a maze that you will meet beauty, love, promise, tragedy and sorrow. A maze that we receive spirits, promises, opportunities, songs and gifts. Live life to its fullest and wake up without regrets. Have a cheerful start in everyday and always remember that a new days starts from zero. Live life to its fullest and share it with others. Share it with others, inspire them, or learn from them. Live life to its fullest and complete the goals you set. Every step counts, it’s like a stair, one step will not make you reach the top, but ten steps will. Live life to its fullest and sing it as long as you want to. Life is not only a story you’re the main character but also the song that sings and shows your feeling throughout the years. Live life to its fullest and learn from the past. It doesn’t matter If today was a bad day for you, think about your mistakes and learn from It, as a wise men say â€Å"People learn from their mistakes not from their remembrance. † Live life to Its fullest and take each opportunity. Not every day you will have the same opportunity as today; it might happen In another 5 years or maybe never. Take It and don t leave It, use It and don ‘t waste a great opportunity to show your talent and skills to others. Enjoy each opportunity that life takes you to. Live life to Its fullest and treasure every moment. You don ‘t want to forget excellent moments, or romantic moment or great moments with some people you really care. You need to treasure each of the moments you enjoy In life and keep It In the deepest of your soul. Every time you treasure a moment, you will realize that living life to its fullest is important you very much. How to cite Life speech, Essays

Industrial Revolution and Development of Motorized †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Industrial Revolution and Development of Motorized. Answer: Introduction: Pacific Ocean is the largest of all oceans on Earth. Since the ancient times human civilization in countries around the Pacific has depended upon the ocean for fishing, exploration and various other purposes. The objective of this paper is to examine the various fishing and other commercial activities in the Pacific and how these are affecting the ocean negatively or positively. It is important to understand the significance of the Ocean and take appropriate actions if required to stop or change any detrimental activities that may harm the biodiversity of the ocean and its ecosystem. This is the largest ocean on the Earth. Therefore, it is natural that a vast species of marine animals, birds, and plants thrive in the ocean. The extinction of any of such species may cause severe disturbance in the ecosystem of the ocean as a whole. This will not only disturb the balance of nature but affect the food chain as well. The significance of this paper is its role in understanding the activities that may not be friendly to the ecosystem of the Ocean, and one of the main such activities is overfishing. Pollution is another cause which is immensely harmful. Historically fishing is one of the important activities for sustainance since prehistoric ages. However modern largescale fishing activities that may threaten the oceanic ecology started with the advent of Industrial revolution and the development of motorized ships and boats that were now used for fishing activities (Worldwildlife.org, 2018). After the 1930s with the advent of marine refrigeration the fishing activities at the oceans got further boost as the fishing vessels could now stay longer at the seas and fish more. The development of deep water fishing activities also needed a change in the foreign policies as a number of countries engaged in fisheries, these were United States, Canada, Russia, Japan, China among others. Presently in the Pacific Ocean the major problem that over fishing is causing is the decline of the number of Bluefin Tuna (Damanaki, 2016). Especially in Asia this species of fish is sought because they are considered delicacy especially in the making of sushi. These fishes are very high paying; hence the fishermen have been keen in fishing this particular species. Many species of Bluefin Tuna including the Atlantic, and Southern Bluefin are now endangered. The Guardian reports that the number of the species has gone down by 96% (Naidoo, 2015). Some of the main reasons for which the fish species are on the verge of extinction are, fishing of baby fishes, or young fishes that have not yet reproduced. The Pacific Regional Oceanic and Coastal Fisheries Development Coastal Fisheries Development Program PROCFish (EU) has taken a largescale initiative of stock assessment and research on fishing in Pacific Ocean and whether there is a problem of overfishing, in which there have been emergence of grim picture of severe overfishing, and illegal fishing (Kolding Hjrleifsson, 2018). Fish offspring are killed as the fishermen only care about their present business, they are not concerned about the future generation. The famous Science journal published a study in 2006, in which it was predicted that if the recent trends of illegal fishing is not contained then the world would run out of wild-caught seafood in 2048 (Washingtonpost.com, 2006). Therefore, it can be concluded that overfishing is indeed causing an irreversible damage not only in the Pacific but around the globe. It is time there is a serious worldwide united effort from all the nations to control illegal fishing activities, and contribute towards sustainable fishing. References: Damanaki, J. (2016).Opinion | Save the Pacific Bluefin Tuna.Nytimes.com. Retrieved 28 March 2018, from https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/04/opinion/save-the-pacific-bluefin-tuna.html?mtrref=www.google.co.ingwh=49CDBABD75887EB38F1A9C4E6B39B4F2gwt=payassetType=opinion Kolding, J., Hjrleifsson, E. (2018).A new simple method of stock assessment on tropical reef fisheries on tropical reef fisheries.Imr.no. Retrieved 28 March 2018, from https://www.imr.no/filarkiv/kopi_av_filarkiv/2008/07/Kolding_Hjorleifsson-Overfishing_in_the_Pacific.pdf/en Naidoo, K. (2015).Pacific tuna fishing is out of control.Greenpeace International. Retrieved 28 March 2018, from https://www.greenpeace.org/archive-international/en/news/Blogs/makingwaves/pacific-tuna-fishing-is-out-of-control/blog/53670/ Washingtonpost.com. (2006).World's Fish Supply Running Out, Researchers Warn.Washingtonpost.com. Retrieved 28 March 2018, from https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/11/02/AR2006110200913.html Worldwildlife.org. (2018).Overfishing | Threats | WWF.World Wildlife Fund. Retrieved 28 March 2018, from https://www.worldwildlife.org/threats/overfishing

Hoover And Roosevelt Had Very Different Ideas On How The Essays

Hoover and Roosevelt had very different ideas on how the Depression should be handled. This was almost entirely a result of two integral differences in their schemas; Hoover was a Republican, and had basically worked his way through life, while Roosevelt was not only a Democrat, he had basically been born with the proverbial silver spoon in his mouth. As one can easily see, in many ways these two are complete opposites; in fact, if one looks at both their upbringing and their political affiliation, it seems that Roosevelt's and Hoover's policies must have been different in a great many ways. Hoover was brought up in a poor family, and worked almost his entire life. When he was eight years old, his parents died so he went to live with his uncle. His uncle worked with him, and later became rich. Hoover had endured a great many hardships in his life, and knew what it was like to do without. In fact, Hoover was very poor as a child, although not necessarily living in poverty. This effect on his schema would be rather interesting, as it seems that he should have had a better understanding of how to handle problems with the poor than Roosevelt. As Hoover was born poor, one would think that he would know how to run the country like a business, so that it would stay afloat; however, when confronted with the Depression, he repeatedly cut taxes. Hoover was basically a hard working Republican, the quintessential self made man. Roosevelt, on the other hand, had been born into a very rich family; He grew up with education at Harvard, had his own pony and sailboat, and had everything basically taken care of for him in his childhood by his mother. This gave him a sense of security, of being able to do anything he wanted, most simply because he didn't fail early on. He had never lived through what the American public was going through, so his view of the world, his schema, did not necessarily include what it was like to live in poverty. He believed that the Depression could be solved merely by putting as many people to work for the government as possible. This could relate to how, growing up, he himself did not have to work in any way, shape, or form. Roosevelt did have one other perspective that would always be unavailable to Hoover; he was a cripple. He had contracted polio on 1921; by the time he became governor of New York in 1928, he could not walk unaided. He refused to let this stop him, though, and remained a suave speaker, unlike his competitor Hoover. Political affiliation is also one of the most necessary differences to realize in contrasting Hoover and Roosevelt. Hoover's policies, when viewed form the modern perspective, seem rather strange. One of his major efforts appears to have been lowering taxes; he basically expressed faith in the existent American system. He called leaders of industry to Washington D.C. and made them promise to keep up wages and such, but when they did not he worked with local welfare agencies. He basically refused to give out any national welfare, believing that it demeaned proud Americans. While he attempted much to help businesses, it was clear by 1932 that his policies were a complete failure. Even when the Democrats had control of the congress after 1930, he still stubbornly refused to take stronger action. Throughout this time, the bank failures had been steadily going up. His lowest point in popularity was when a group of veterans camped in D.C. demanding a bonus that they were due. Hoover ordered them removed. Yet even through all of this, he still insisted that the American public did not honestly want national relief. Basically, Roosevelt could have no better campaign than Hoover's presidency. Roosevelt's philosophy, on the other hand, was entirely different. His most readily apparent ability was his voice; he was able to talk to people in such a way that they almost always went along with him. He was exceptionally confident, and made those around him feel so too. Roosevelt did not tend to deal with underlying problems; he was, however, wonderful at taking care of the surface problem. On his inauguration day, he gave his famous speech asserting that the only thing America had to fear was fear itself; not entirely true, because the nation stood on the brink of collapse. The banks in Chicago and New York were closed. Within ten days, Roosevelt had them back open. Throughout the next few years, Roosevelt's general

Communication Skills in Management

Communication Skills in Management Introduction Organisations bring together people from different backgrounds. To ensure that diverse groups of people working in an organisation are organised such that they work towards common aims and goals, communication is an essential skill for any leader. Organisational leaders select various communications strategies depending on the situations that they encountered in their work environments.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Communication Skills in Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Communication strategies are crucial in organisations, particularly in the information age. Organisations are growing into immense complexities and are constantly looking for mechanisms of becoming competitive. One of the ways of gaining competitive advantage is by â€Å"discovering and implementing a communications strategy that supports company business objectives for its customers, workforce and partners† (Perry Bodkin, 2000, p.89). Good communication strategies have multiple benefits for an organisation ranging from enhancing workforce motivations to the creation of additional customers and retention of the existing clientele. The main aim of this paper is to provide an outline of communication skills and discuss its benefits. It also discusses how managers can deploy communication skills to make their work efficient and effective. The discussions of the paper are based on the existing literature of the roles of organisational communication in enhancing the success of organisations and on the understanding of the roles of communication in organisations developed over the semester. Thus, an opportunity is seized to offer authors personal opinion on the development of communication skills, propose an action plan for learning and utilisation of the communication skill in the future. Communication is selected for discussion as a managerial skill that is essential in an organisation since its incorporation or its negation in an organisation determines the extent of effectiveness of organisational leadership. The benefits of good communication Communication refers to exchange of information, either verbally or non-verbally. Verbal communication entails the transfer of meaning through sounds and words. Non-verbal communication entangles transfer of meaning, intentionally or unintentionally, via symbols or actions.Advertising Looking for report on business communication? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In organisational settings, communication refers to exchange of information between organisational leaders and employees and or from employees to employees (McShane, Olekalns Travaglione, 2010, p.54). It also entails the transfer of information from the organisations to the customers and the owners (shareholders). Organisations’ leaders encounter various pressures to comply with various demands raised by a myriad of organisational stakeholders while still ensuring that an organisation remains competitive in the short and long run. Ensuring compliance to these dual anticipations, organisational managers have to design and execute various business strategies (Fernstrom, Reed, Rahavi Doohe, 2012: Malina Selto, 2001). Although failure of such strategies may initiate at the design phase, many of business strategies, irrespective of how well they have been designed, have more failure rates at the implementation and execution phases (Kaplan Norton, 2004). In the implementation and the execution phase, communication is of great paramount. Philport and Arbittier (2007) agrees with this assertion and further adds, â€Å"MBA- trained managers know a lot about how to decide a plan and very little about how to carry it out† (p.69). Consequently, when leaders have communication challenges, showcased by inadequate expertise in execution of communication strategies within an organisati on, harmonious operation of all organisational stakeholder may be impaired. The benefits of good communication in an organisation may be studied from the paradigm of the challenges that organisations encounter when leaders in an organisation fail to embrace effective communication strategies. The effects of poor organisational communication, a key indicator of lack of possession of good organisational communication skills are reflected in a research conducted by McFarlin, Sweeney and Cotton (2003), in which 197 management executives for 197 companies were surveyed to unveil their anticipations for success of their communication strategies. The research findings indicated that only 63 percent of all the surveyed executives had expectations for their strategies of communication to succeed.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Communication Skills in Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Considering that 37 percent o f the surveyed executives were not sure whether their communication strategies would succeed, the researchers concluded, â€Å"much of expectation and performance failures were a failure to execute the company’s strategy effectively† (McFarlin, Sweeney Cotton, 2003, p.380). Strategies are implemented through the collective effort of all people who must work to attain given goals and missions for which an organisation is established to accomplish. For coherency in operation of all these stakeholders, effective communication is important. A leader who endeavours to develop business strategies that would succeed requires ardent communication at all hierarchical structures of business administration. Such an effort in incredibly important since the implementation of new business strategies often involves change (Williams Seaman, 2001). People are normally reluctant to change. Consequently, it is important that leaders within an organisation effectively communicate the be nefits that employees would gains once they embrace proposed organisational change. Poor communication often results to resistance to change especially where the persons working in an organisation consider the changes being implemented as threats to their jobs and personal excellence. For instance, while personnel at the headquarters of an organisation may be fighting for standardisation of products produced by an organisation to ease supply chain and logistics challenges, personnel at departmental levels for various products may be opposed to such an endeavour. In such a situation, a leader deserves to portray assertive communication skills to ensure that things are done in a manner that would of benefits to an organisation. How leaders should use communication Communication is the tool that enables leaders within an organisation to articulate their ideas to the employees and/ or employees to articulate their ideas to the leaders. Wok and Hashima (2013) argue that good communicatio n is essential in fostering morale of workers.Advertising Looking for report on business communication? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This means that leaders in an organisation should deploy communication as a tool for breaking down communication barrier channels to enhance free interaction between the leaders and employees or employees and their fellow workers. When leaders communicate effectively, employees get satisfied with their jobs. Since job satisfaction is correlated to employees’ retention, it implies that leaders can utilise communication as a tool for dealing effectively with issues of employees’ turnover. This suggests leaders who are effective communicators experience low incidences of turnover. Leaders deserve to plan and design effective formal and informal communication strategies to take into consideration mechanisms of handling negative perceptions about an organisation in the effort to boost strategic initiatives for re-claiming and or acquiring new market. Wal-Mart is perhaps one of the best organisations whose focus on effective communication led to success of the company. For i nstance, the company was in 2010 incredibly criticised for labour practices that were highly questionable. Critics claimed that the company pursued policies that encouraged gender discrimination, low wages incommensurate to the efforts of the employees and even mistreatment of employees. The organisation was also challenged for putting small retailers out of business through her pricing strategies. Wal-Mart also encountered situations in which her organisational culture failed to measure up to the cultures of new possible profitable markets. Faced with these challenges, the organisation’s leaders focused on deployment of communications as the tool for clearing the negative profiling coupled with provisions of employees with clear channels of articulating their issues with the Wal-Mart leadership. Borrowing form the case of Wal-Mart, it is evident that leaders needs to put in place strategies for ensuring that people are free to expresses themselves whenever certain issues the y perceive as having negative implications on their work or where conflicts between personal needs and work requirement emerge. This underlines the significance of open communication in an organisation. Impediments to communication lead to low workforce productivity through reduced work morale and job satisfaction. In fact, according to Dasgupta, Suar and Singh (2013) communication is an essential tool for resolving work force conflicts. This implies that when leaders are effective communicators, communication is used in management of employees’ conflicts. One of the noble roles of managers in an organisation is to monitor and control processes and the manner of execution of job elements allocated to different people. Consequently, communication is the means by which managers are able to get information from the employees on work progress and possible impediments to successful completion of the job facets. Work groups are composed of people who have different opinions and lev els of innovation and creativity. To turn around these diversities into organisational success, managers should deploy communication to garner information of the workforce talents and capabilities, which are essential in successful realisation of organisational aims, goals and objectives. Understanding how to effectively communicate with employees and other organisational stakeholders call for managers to have an understanding of issues that may hinder their capacity to communicate effectively. Such hindrances encompass barriers to effective communication in an organisation. They include information filtering, selective perception, emotions, information overloads, language barrier and communication comprehension (Robbins et al., 2011). Zeng, Anh and Matsui claim that management has the noble role of identifying hindrances to effective communication and looking for strategies for resolving them (2013, p.457). Additionally, management also needs to resolve the problem of gender and cu ltural barriers to effective communication Robbins et al. (2011), effective managers seeks for ways of overcoming barriers to effective communication by enhancing interpersonal and intrapersonal communication. This provides an amicable opportunity for an organisation to achieve its aims, objectives and goals. This suggests that communication is used in an organisation to eliminate ineffective communication created by communication barriers. My development for communication skills this semester At the beginning of the semester, I had very poor communication skills. As an introverted person, I encounter challenges in opening to people with whom I am not well acquitted. Faced with this challenge, I have the perception that it would influence my effectiveness in the work environment where I expect to pursue a career as an organisational leader. Possession of good communications skill is essential in helping a leader to succeed in his or her work involving planning, directing, controllin g and monitoring the process of execution of tasks within an organisation through people. Based on these cognitions, which has been developed in the course of my university education, I consider communication skills as essential skills to develop. In fact, the skills are required in aiding leaders to create channels for open communication in an organisation. On the successful development of the learning contract at the beginning of the semester, I considered developing the goals that I would work towards in the course of the semester. This was critical in availing means of evaluating the learning outcomes. I maintained a journal for tracking various experiences coupled with the outcomes of efforts of improving my communication skills. In the process of development of the communication skills, I chose to read widely from the university library on how communication skills can be developed and implemented. This was followed by actualisation of the skills by engaging in practical implem entation of the acquired knowledge in the university settings. My focus was on face-to-face communication. I realised I had challenges in articulating information through words and non-verbal forms of communication. Making a strategic decision to implement communication skills in a university setting introduced the need to develop the ability to deal with people from cross-cultural environments. This is because a university is an institution that brings people from different cultures and different demographic characteristics. In my case, I am an international student from Middle East. I have challenges in communicating well in English since it is not my native language. This underlines the significance of developing effective communication skills when dealing with people from mixed backgrounds due to challenges of the language barrier and proper articulation of information to create the desired meaning. In the effort to determine whether I have developed communication skills, I had several goals that I intended to achieve. The first goal was to improve my performance in the work groups’ assessments in all the subjects that I take in the university. This goal was essential in measuring my success in development of communication skills. Effective communication of ideas is necessary in answering questions correctly. Language barrier is also an important aspect, which may contribute to poor understanding of questions. Secondly, I would like to have improved peer relationships in both class setting and the whole university at large. This goal is crucial since communication skill is essential in helping to break down peer conflicts. I also want to develop good relationships with sports’ teams, which I encounter during sports competitions. As an introverted person, I also find it difficult to communicate well with people even those who are close to me including my family members. Hence, my goal is to create better channels for communication with family members and friends. Ability to communicate effectively is a function of having good listening skills. Thus, my last goal was to develop better listening skills. In a short time basis, for the period that I was engaged with the learning contract, I believe that these goals are crucial preliminary steps that I can deploy to enhance good organisational communication in the future. Evidence of skills Over the period of 9 weeks, I maintained a journal where I was recording the success details for my process of development of communication skills. In the journal, I was recording the changes in my grades since I enrolled for the learning contract. Therefore, my analysis for success in the contract is essentially quantitative. The evidence derived from the analysis of the data entered in the journal indicates that I have attained a lot in term of performance improvements, although having spent a lot of time in extra tasks involving development of communication skills. This made me to minim ise time required in studying other subjects. In terms of performance, my grades have been steadily improving since I decided to develop communication skills. They have charged from credits to distinctions for the subjects that have involved group work discussion and collective group work challenges. This achievement is attributed to the effort that I made as the group leader to enhance active involvement of all members and tracking the group members’ ability to understand the subject matter under discussion. I also made an effort to ensure that whenever a group is formed, the first task was the creation of avenues for a good group communication by allowing adequate time for members to introduce themselves to one another. This was crucial in eliminating possible hindrances to group communication articulated to fear. One of the groups had two domestic students and two international students. This give room for development of crosses cultural communication skills. In the group, effort was made at the initial phase to lay down the anticipated outcomes, setting periods when the outcomes would be achieved and the contribution of each member in the realisation of the anticipations. This was essential in ensuring that all group members were at the same knowledge levels, which was essential in creating the synergies required for the improved grades. At the beginning of the semester, it was incredibly difficult for me to create friendships. Following the initiative for creating open communication with other students amid their diversity differences, I have managed to create close and effective personal relationships with other people. These friendships have survived even after I finished the assessment for the capacity to develop effective communications skills upon taking the learning contract. During my interaction processes, I am likely to call people with whom I have had group work experiences. This suggests my efforts for creating open communication and tru sting relationships yielded fruits. On the extracurricular activities platforms, I play soccer. For a long time, I was feeling that there are some important ideas that the team would implement to enhance its performance. Unfortunately, before taking the initiatives to develop communication skills, I was too afraid to speak about them. Through the creation of open communication channels, am now able to deal with the inhibitors to communication in the team. This has changed me from being a passive team member to an active member. Through the ideas that I have been able to articulate in the team, I have been made the assistant –captain. Additionally, I have also managed to develop better interaction processes with the team members. Indeed, some team members come seeking my opinion and advice on some issues affecting our team. This did not happen before. Despite the communication skills learning contract helping me to communicate effectively, listening skills have been instrument al in gathering information from the team members on areas where strategic initiatives needs being developed. Without the listening skills, it is problematic to interpret the issues that affect the team performance. This opening up of the group to engage every team members in the decision making process has seen the team register improved performance in all games. My friends and family members have noted the effort that I have been making to communicate better with them. They are to the opinion that the efforts that I have made over the last 9 weeks were incredible in aiding them to communicate better with me. The arguments that I have been engaged with friends and family members have also been based on open communications. This has reduced incidence of conflicts. How I will use these skills in the future Currently, I have managed to develop good communication skills, which have proved to be effective. The main concerns are how to utilise these skills in the future in the work envir onment. The lessons, skills and knowledge developed during the semester are important in enabling me to resolve work conflicts through effective communication. The plan is to continue developing the skills so that I can also incorporate various issues that may make communication strategies in a work environment different from the communication strategies required in the university settings with peers and/or with family members. Conclusion Leaders in a dynamic operational environment for an organisation require having good communication skills for them to have the capacity to win the confidence of all employees and other organisational stakeholders. Communication is an important aspect of an organisation, which helps to facilitate the transfer of information from one person to another within the organisation. In the course of the last 9 weeks, I had been learning communication skills via experience. The results indicated that I have realised positive outcomes. The plan is continue wi th this learning spirit to become an effective. Reference List Dasgupta, S., Suar, D., Singh, S. (2013). Impact of managerial communication styles on employees’ attitudes and behaviours. Employee Relations, 35(2), 173 – 199. Fernstrom, M., Reed, K., Rahavi, E Dooher, C. (2012). Communication strategies to help reduce the prevalence of non-communicable diseases: Proceedings from the inaugural IFIC Foundation Global Diet and Physical Activity Communications Summit. Nutrition Reviews, 70(5), 301 –310. Kaplan, S., Norton, P. (2004). How strategy maps frame an organisations objectives. Financial Executive, 20(2), 40−45. Malina, M., Selto, F. (2001). Communicating and controlling strategy: An empirical study of the effectiveness of the balanced scorecard. Journal of Management Accounting Research, 13(3), 47−91. McFarlin, B., Sweeney, D., Cotton, L. (2003). Attitudes toward employee participation in decision-making: A comparison of European and American managers in a U.S. multinational. Human Resource Management Journal, 31(4), 363−383. McShane, S., Olekalns, M., Travaglione, T. (2010). Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim. Australia: McGraw Hill. Perry, M., Bodkin, C. (2000). Content analysis of Fortune 100 company web sites. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 5(2), 87-97. Philport, J., Arbittier, J. (2007). Advertising: Brand communications styles in established media and the Internet. Journal of Advertising Research, 37(2), 68-76. Robbins, S., Judge, T., Millett, B., Boyle, M. (2011). Organisational Behaviour. Frenchs Forest, NSW: Pearson Education Australia. Williams, J., Seaman, E. (2001). Predicting change in management accounting systems: National culture and industry effects. Accounting, Organisations and Society, 26(5), 443−460. Wok, S., Hashim, J. (2013). Communicating and sharing working relationships with older employees. Journal of Communication Management, 17(2), 100–1 21. Zeng, J., Anh, P., Matsui, Y. (2013). Shop-floor communication and process management for quality performance: An empirical analysis of quality management. Management Research Review, 36(5), 454–477.

Kierkegaardian Journeys To Selfhood Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Kierkegaardian Journeys To Selfhood - Essay Example However, one who is unable to make a choice either way, for such a person the self is not created. Hence, a choice has to be made and this is the way that the self is created. The aesthetic’s form of choice leaves the individual self-less because he has been lured by passions and lust. His choice is based on the emotions which rule him for that small period of time. He is overpowered by those emotions of lust and passions and unable to relieve himself from them. Nobody can understand your actions and thoughts; this does not even attract pity from others. They merely pray that wise sense may prevail upon you someday because every revelation that you make is an illusion. They become self-less because they have deceived their own self throughout the life. This is why Kierkegaard says such choice leaves the individual self-less. In the ethical stage the virtues are dominant and one evaluates the dilemma and the problem based on truth, honesty and righteousness. In such a situation, the individual is not confronted with a choice. He knows what is to be done. His personality itself is immersed in the choice that he is not different from the choice. The choice and he are indivisible; there is no dualism. Suppose one has to make a choice about a life problem. If he delays the decision, he is able to understand the situation better. He delays not because is unable to make a choice but to understand the alternatives. When one believes in the inner self, there is no time for though-experiments. A person would always see where the alternatives would lead him to; he would evaluate the shortest path to accomplish his goals or reach his destination. Thus, the choice cannot be wrong because he is evaluating the alternatives with righteousness. The choice has to be made with tone of seriousness. This is because, Kierkeg aard says, the next moment one may not have the power to choose. Hence even if the personality postpones the choice, the choice is made

Economic Liberalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Economic Liberalization - Essay Example Though both have now become a very successful case of FDI channeled development model but the structure of economy of these two nations are at the two ends of any of the economic theory. In China, being a one party communist state and very strong central government economic decisions are taken irrespective of what is actually the people at ground wish while in India, being a secular democratic nation with multi-party political system decisions related to economy are often taken while considering the compulsions like electoral promises and is very much populist in nature. The governments which includes both central and states are always under pressure from both opposition parties and popular public demand and many a times the decisions get affected due to this factor. At the same time, India's economic stand for more than forty years of its independence had been protective and least connected with the world (Bromley, Mackintosh, Brown & Wuyts, 2004, p. 196). Its neutral stand during t he cold war and strategic military relationship with USSR caused very less interation with western world led by USA. The country continued to pursue its independent political stand and entered 21st century, its economic structure saw extreme changes and the country now boasts of having the USA as its largest trading partner and at the same time, US has also found great interest in world's largest democracy and the recently signed nuclear treaty between the US president George Bush and Indian Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh clearly underlines the growing interest between the two. So the new India or better to say the liberalized India post reforms presents a beautiful case where Kenneth Waltz's theory of International Relations which states that the action of a state can often get affected due to pressures being exerted by international forces and thereby limiting the options available to them(1979). The neorealist or structured model has been developed with the aim to explain the repeating patterns of state behavior and power and its extent which is the combination of its capacity to resist external influence while influencing others to behave according to its wishes (Extra Material, p. 6). The liberalization process in India began in early 1990s in the tenure of the Prime Minister P. V. Narashimha Rao under the leadership of then Finance Minister Dr. Manamohan Singh. The reform process and India's integration into world economy was widely appreciated with International Monetary Fund or the IMF calling it a long term corrective measure. The reform process which began with India signing GATT and becoming a part of WTO was widely appreciated by almost all economic quarters (Bromley et. al, 2004, p. 173). But still the opposition led by communists and the BJP were dead against the proposal. The Narashimha Rao govt. continued with his reforms though slowly while destroying the opposition unity by making non BJP opposition parties believe that the fall of the government will make way for BJP to grab power at centre. BJP at that time was regarded as a communal political party and there was a widespread fear that once coming into power this party will make solid changes to th e current political structure of India and might convert India into a single party ruled state. This fear helped the Narashimha Rao govt. to complete its full term and during this period, the Indian economy became irreversibility liberal (Bromley et. al,

From world cities to gateway cities & Extending the boundaries of Coursework

From world cities to gateway cities & Extending the boundaries of Globalization theory - Coursework Example Still, there is a lack of attention paid to the cities with less number of populations than in the world’s largest cities. The crucial importance of Globalization theory in the modern context can be seen in its ability to transform the world’s society attitude to the gateway cities as potential global cities, but with their own cultural, political and economic potential. Thus, it is more interesting to discuss the way globalization causes a negative impact on â€Å"gateway cities†. This term, created by Grant (1999) and Grant and Nijman (2000) implies that any city may be a medium for economic, cultural and political relations exchange. Urban experience of the process of globalization has numerous peculiarities and it plays the same crucial role as the experience of the world’s cities (Short et al, 2000). The impact of globalization is evident is even in the small cities. Moreover, a process of globalization emerges in every city and influences on certain aspect of the cities. For example, Prague has been subjected to cultural globalization, Seattle, Sioux Falls were transformed into economic centers. A process of globalization is mediated by means of global cultural models.

Holistic care, Holistic therapies and nursing.

Holistic care, Holistic therapies and nursing. Holistic care refers to addressing all aspects of the person including body, mind, and spirit . A holistic approach links mainstream medical treatments with both traditional and emotional health. Holistic medicine is a part of health care which maintains a cooperative relationship among all those involved, which leads to optimal satisfaction of the physical, mental, emotional, social and spiritual aspects of health. It highlights the necessity to view the person as a whole and that includes analysis of physical, nutritional, environmental, emotional, social, spiritual and lifestyle values. Holistic therapies also referred to as complimentary therapies have been long-standing practices in nursing and act as an appendage to traditional medical and nursing therapies.   They include massage theraphy, nutritional therapy and hydrotherapy.  Ã‚  Nurses have combined touch care, as well as Reiki, a mix of both energy work and touch, into practice. Concern for providing more effective pain and chronic disease management has led many health care institutions to offer nutritional therapy, yoga,meditation, spiritual learning and mind-body programs for disease management.  Ã‚  Nurses are working alongside a hierarchy of providers from medical specialists, massage therapists, acupuncturists and behavioral psychologists.   Holistic nursing is a way of thinking, reflecting, practicing, and being as a whole human being. Holistic nursing care practice requires nurses to integrate self-care, self-responsibility, spirituality, and emotional wellbeing. This may resut in greater awareness of the inter-connectivity with self, family friends, environment, and god. This awareness may further improve the nurses understanding of all individuals and their relationships to the human and outside world, and permits nurses to use this awareness to facilitate the healing process. Holistic nursing includes all nursing practice that has enhancement of healing of the whole person from birth to death as its goal. Holistic nursing recognizes that there are two views regarding holism: that holism involves identifying the interrelationships of the person, recognizing that the whole is greater than the sum of the individuals; and that it involves understanding the individual as a unit mutually inclusive with the environment. Every individual case has a patient at its centre.The patient lives within a social,psychological,economic and relational environment.The major factors which influences the patient are pychological,emotional,financial,legal,scientific,educational and religious as below. Rationale and Case Study Having discussed the different approaches to patient care, the important aspects of nursing management, and the various theoretical models of patient management, we move on to considering the appropriate nursing approach for a an Italian woman 92 years diagnosed with Dementia bipolar, diabetes type 2, epilepsy having problems of eating disorder.She has no much educational background , married in 1941at the age of 25, came to UK in 1965. She has a daughter and a son with 4 grand children. Demography epidemiology Bipolar disorder and  dementia  are two conditions that often go hand in hand. The risk of developing depressive and manic episodes was increased in patients with dementia. Both disorders have a multidimensional nature. Mood and cognition are considered the core problems in bipolar disorder and Dementia, respectively. However, in recent years, more relay has been given to the behavioral features of Dementia, which are often difficult to manage than cognitive impairment. Thus, in addition to such mood symptoms as euphoria, lability, irritability, anxiety, and dysphoria, recent studies have reported the following behavioral signs in Dementia: agitation, overactivity, aggression, apathy, affective lability,euphoria, disinhibition, impaired self-regulation, and psychosis. Moreover, patients with dementia often have problems with money management, spendthrift or donating money to strangers. Most consider signs and symptoms of mania in AD(Alzheimer disease) as secondary to its neurodegenerative processs  but mood symptoms may also be central and can reflect exacerbations from previous temperament. We emphasize that altered mood symptoms clearly affect perception of real situations and cognition thinking.It has been reported that deterioration in bipolar disorder is associated with mixed episodes and rapid cycling, which often tends to be the clinical presentation of dementia.[    Pathophysiology In neuroanatomical studies, alterations in the hippocampus have been reported in both disorders, with more obvious degeneration in AD. Perhaps the most striking difference between both disorders is that the disease process in AD occurs when the brain is much more vulnerable due to aging. Excessive glutamatergic activity is possibly central to both disorders, as shown by the benefits from drugs that either inhibit glutamate release or block glutamate receptors (eg, topiramate ) including acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Cortisol-induced neurotoxicity and dysregulation in the HPA-axis have also been postulated as a central role in the pathophysiological processes in both disease(dementia bipolar) Epidemiology The number of people with dementia is steadily increasing.   Alzheimers Society believes that careful planning is the order of the future to ensure that the right care and support is available. There are currently about 750,000 people in the UK with a form of dementia with over 16,000 people under 65 with dementia in the UK  .One in 14 people over 65 years of age and one in six people over 80 years of age has a form of dementia Prevalence and incidence  Ã‚   When talking about demography it is important to differntiate between prevalence overall cases both old and new, with which dementia occurs in the population, and incidence new cases of dementia in a given time period. The well established prevalence rates for dementia in the UK are: 40-64 years:  1 in 1400 65-69 years:  1 in 100 70-79  years:  1 in 25 80+ years:  1 in 6 (Source : Alzheimers society, UK.) Projected figures   There is a rough estimate that by 2021 there will be one million people with dementia in the UK and Is expected to increase to over 1.7 million people(3% of UK population) with dementia by 2051.   Many people talk about the demographic time bomb or tidal wave of older people, which the state cannot afford to cater for. However the society believes that these reports are misleading.A steady, rather than exponential growth is expected over the next 25 years. The Societys contribution to the Royal Commission on Long Term Care highlights the belief that the state can provide for peoples needs as they age. The National Dementia Strategy in England and similar work underway in Wales and Northern Ireland are very vital steps to ensure the people needs with dementia be properly addressed in years to come. Belief values Core Values of Holistic Nursing The current Standards of Holistic Nursing are based on five Core Values of practice: 1) Holistic Philosophy and Education 2) Holistic Ethics, Theories, and Research 3) Holistic Nurse Self-Care; 4) Holistic Communication, Therapeutic Environment and Cultural Competence 5) Holistic Caring Process. These core values represent the essence of holistic nursing and are each necessary for holistic practice in the management of dementia in older people with comorbidity such as diabetes typeII and epilepsy. Core value 1, addresses that holistic nursing is based on a framework under philosophical guidelines embracing holism and a commitment to education, reflection, and knowledge. Core value 2, reiterates that professional nursing is less effective in theory, informed by research and bound by ethical guidelines to guide a competent, thoughtful, and principled holistic practice. Core value 3,is based on the belief that nurses must engage in integrating self-care to promote health and self awareness so that the nurse may act as an instrument of healing. Core value 4   addresses the requirement for nurses to engage with clients to promote mutually-determined goals for health and healing. Lastly, Core Value 5, emphasizes an evolution in the nursing practice to embrace assessment and therapeutic care addressing client patterns, problems, and needs in an atmosphere of caring (4). Cultural values and belief Beliefs and practices influenced by culture can affect patient outcome and satisfaction .the increasing cultural diversity may present challenges in trans-cultural ethical decision making for nurses .ethical dilemma may arise from lack of understanding of language, procedures ,expectations and other elements of nature that may lead to unclear decisions.Thus by Incorporating culture assessment into care facilitates better understanding of factors that influence patients health behavior and decisions. Researchers from School of Nursing in Hong kong surveyed nurses in different cultural settings and suggested five broad guiding principles for reviewing ethical perception of cultural values and beliefs: Respect for persons Beneficience Justice Respect for community Contextual caring. The Director and Board of Dementia Voice had, in about 1996, become aware of a developing but uncoordinated interest in the spiritual care of people with dementia. They wanted their statement to affirm a holistic approach, which sees care of the spirit as the essence of, and resulting from, good care practice. They wanted to speak to everyone irrespective of their religious faith. They have therefore used non-religious language with the intention that it is inclusive of both secular and religious understanding. The spirituality of people with dementia, and their families, carers and the professionals who work with them is therefore of the greatest importance. Professional issues The AHNA Standards of Holistic Nursing Practice also referred to as Standards provide guidance for nursing care that meets the intent of the description of holistic nursing a care that has enhancement of healing of the whole person (from birth to death) (4). The Standards grew from an interest in describing holistic nursing, and in articulating the values, skills and knowledge required for its practice. Unlike speciality practice defined by a client group (pediatric nursing) or a disease category (oncology nursing), holistic nursing is practiced by nurses in virtually every area of care. The speciality is based on practice that recognizes the body-mind-spirit connection of persons, and demands its practitioners integrate self-care and self-responsibility into their own lives. In holistic nursing, wellness-illness and health-disease neither mutually exclusive ,nor polar opposite, but are part of the process and the healthcare.Newman and her colleagues identified that proper focus of nursing is caring and described it as whole,unitary and transformatory.Many disciplines claim caring as a part of the profession ,but only nursing has both caring and health as itsgoal. Caring is a constant specific interpersonal process that is characterized by expert nursing practice, interpersonal process, interpersonal sensitivity, and intimate relationships Nurses can focus caring through empowerement in 6 main categories; Respecting the patient Not taking the patients behavior personally Keeping the patient safe Encouraging the patients health Authentic leadership Interactive reading. Professional ethical decisions Nurses are confronted daily with the need to make professional and personal ethical decisions. This process requires an ongoing evaluation and assimilation of information and have formed a five step process of making ethical decision mainly 1. articulating the problem 2. gathering data and identifying conflicting claims of moral values 3. exploring strategies 4. Implementing strategy 5. Evaluating outcome of the action Legal and Ethical Issues Healthcare providers must adhere to the law.All nurses are responsible and accountable to comply with nursing practice act as well as the rule and regulation of the board in the state where they are licensed and work. Supporting a patients right and ability to make choices is an essential element of holistic nursing practice and holistic ethics. Advance medical directives The patient self-determination act, effective December 1991requires that all individuals receiving medical care also receive written informationabout there right to refuse medical or surgical treatment and their right to initiate advance directives.advance directives are instructions that induct healthcare intervention to initiate or withhold or designate someone who will act as a proxy in making a decision in the event the decision making capacity is lost. Advance directives are of two types: Treatment directives(living will) Appointment directives (Power of attorney). A living will specifies the medical treatment that a patient wishes to refuse in the event that he/she is terminally ill and cannot make those decisions.A power of attorney for healthcare appoints a proxy or surrogate to make the medical decisions on behalf of the patient if he/she can no longer make such decisions. Advance medical directive in the form of living will or power of attorney is a cornerstone in proxy management of end stage of Dementia with bipolar disorders as they lose decision making ability. As part of the patient assessment , an holistic nurse may consider asking the, following questions Have you discussed your end of life choices with your family or designated surrogate? Do you have basic information about advanced medical directives? Do you wish to initiate it? If you have already prepared an advance medical directive, can you provide it now? Informed consent As nursing is inherently a moral endeavour,nurses may exacerbate challenges in making the right decision and taking the right action.The process of informed consent of medical and other treatment provides the opportunity for the patient to choose a course of action regarding healthcare plans. An informal consent must include the following: The nature of health cancerns and prognosis if nothing is done Description of all treatment options Benefits, risks an consequences of various treatment a options including non-intervention. Holistic nurses who offer alternate modalities should explain the int.., and disease risks, expected effects and benefits and treatment options prior to initiating theraphy. Informed consent in research refers to freely choosing to participate in a research study after the research purpose ,commitment ,risks and benefits, anonymity and invasion of privacy.Nurses who assist with research need to be familiar with elements of informe consent.A particular area of concern is protection of human rights, in research studies focus on vulnerable population such as elderly, challenged, pregnant, disabled persons and terminally ill. Thus Informed consent plays a vital role in development of novel research methodologies and an holistic nurse should follow the above mentioned guidelines in getting an informed consent from the patient. Nurses are accountable to professional stanards, for reporting research findings. An important consideration in this regard is the ethical treatment of data which demonstrates the integrity of research protocols and honesty in reporting data Policy Three major policy face holistic nursing in the future: Reimbursement Regulation Access Access There are many barriers to the access of holistic therapies providing yet another challenges for holistic nursing.They include: Lack of awareness Uncertainity about their effectiveness Inability to pay for them Limited availability of qualified providers. Access is normally difficult for rural population, uninsured, racial and ethnic minorities and vulnerable population such as elderly and terminally ill.Holistic nursing have a responsibility to educate the public more fully about health promoters,completely moderate to assist people in making informal chance among healthcare alternatives and individual providers They need to ensure quality, increased focus on wellness and access and affordability to all. Reimbursement Public or private policies in relation to coverage and reimbursement for healthcare expenditure play a crucial role in shaping the healthcare system and in deciding the future of health promotion and holistic medicine in the nations healthcare system.holistic nurses need to work with Medicare and other third party payers,insurance groups,oards of nursing,healthcare policy makers to ensure that holistic nurses are reimbursed appropriately for services rendered. Regulation Thus by developing theoretical and empirical knowledge as well as caring and healing approaches ,holistic nurses will advance holistic nursing practice and education and contribute significantly to the formalization and credibility of this work and in integrating a more holistic approach in nursing practice and health care. Access to an informed care and reimbursement for hospice care is the requirement in the elderly patients with late stage onset dementia as the patient is terminally ill. Resources In caring for individuals, those who have negative health beliefs and attitude, an effective resource and perhaps a strategy would be to develop a social support network. The social support network of the patient can strengthen and facilitate healthy patient choices. Cognitive strengthening through training in assertiveness, relation, imagery, problem solving, good s coping skills. Patient interaction with community agencies and self-help group may also be appropriate. Encouraging involvement of family an friends with recommended theraphy or value clarification session increase and strengthen social support. Because Alzheimers disease is  incurable  and progressive, most holistic treatments focus on enhancing the persons quality of life; for example, some might suggest using memory books and other strategies to reduce the impact of  symptoms. A Florida State University researcher found memory books, which might include notes, photos and other keepsakes, can help reconnect Alzheimers indiviuals with their loved ones. Although the research on holistic approaches remains limited, it suggests everything from pet therapy to art therapy can improve quality of life for those with Alzheimers. A 2006 study, for example, reported older people with  dementia  showed less  agitation  and had more positive social interactions when they interacted with an animal daily; however, the duration of the benefit was not established, nor was it proven that an animal living with the individuals had more impact than a visiting animal. A holistic approach can also include the use of herbs and supplements, such as  Ginkgo biloba  and  omega-3 fatty acids. Conclusion In this study, we reflect back at the various holistic goals set to provide care for an Italian woman 92 years diagnosed with Dementia bipolar, diabetes type 2, epilepsy having problems of eating disorder.She has no much educational background , married in 1941at the age of 25, came to UK in 1965. She has a daughter and a son with 4 grand children. Based on the projected figures it is estimated that by 2021 there will be one million people with dementia in the UK with expected to rise to over 1.7 million people with dementia by 2051.  This is often referred to as a demographic tidal bomb. There has been a developing but uncoordinated interest in the spiritual care of people with dementia.Thus the spirituality of people with dementia, and their families, carers and the professionals who work with them is therefore of the greatest importance in an holistic care towards dementia. Advance medical directive in the form of living will or power of attorney is a cornerstone in proxy management of end stage of Dementia with bipolar disorders as they lose decision making ability. Informed consent also plays a role in development of novel research methodologies and an holistic nurse should follow the above mentioned guidelines in getting an informed consent from the patient. As alzheimers disease is  incurable  and progressive, most holistic treatments focus on enhancing the persons quality of life by using memory books, which might include notes, photos and other keepsakes which can help reconnect Alzheimers indiviuals with their loved ones. Access to an informed care and reimbursement for hospice care is the requirement in the above case study as the patient is terminally ill belonging to an ethnic minority. Thus holistic nursing needs to ensure quality, increased focus on wellness and access and affordability to all.

The Computer Nut :: essays research papers

Title: â€Å"The Computer Nut† Author: Betsy Byars Setting: â€Å"The Computer Nut† takes place in Kate’s small town. Overall, the different settings are in her house, in school, at a carwash, at Willie Lomax’s house, her dad’s office, a pep rally at her school’s football rally, and that’s basically where all the action takes place. Most of the time, the action takes place during the day. Towards the ending, however, most of the action takes place at night around 8 pm- 9pm. Major Characters: The main character of â€Å"The Computer Nut† is Kate. Kate is like any other kid. She is obsessed with computers, she has red hair, and she is an average middle school student. She is receiving messages from an â€Å"alien† who calls himself BB-9. Willie Lomax is the boy who helps find out who is sending Kate messages over the computer. Willie is also Kate’s crush and he is the only one who is truly willing to help Kate find out who really is sending her messages over the computer. He is around Kate’s height, chubby, he has reddish/blondish hair, and is very interested in Kate’s mystery â€Å"alien.† BB-9 is the self-proclaimed â€Å"alien comedian† who wants to come down to Earth to make people laugh, since Earth is the only planet in the universe where people laugh. He is an adult’s age and can take form as anything he wants. He was once a cow on another mission to Earth. A physical description is not availa ble. And lastly, Linda is Kate’s best friend. She is short, has brown hair, and very humorous. Plot Summary: One day, for an art project, Kate is just drawing a picture of herself on her dad’s computer in her dad’s office. After she is all done with her self-portrait, she receives a message from a strange person who later reveals himself as BB-9. BB-9 is an alien in search of a good laugh on Earth, which he says is the only planet where people laugh. After a series of message, Kate hopes the person contacting her is her secret crush, Willie Lomax, who just so happens to know about computers. Kate is determined to find out who it is.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Kate’s best friend, Linda, finds out about the messages, she goes on and on and insists about how it HAS to be Frank Wilkins, a boy who told Kate he loved her at band camp a couple years back.