Genetic Markers A Genetic Marker - 1641 Words

The future of medicine is definitely in personalized medicine, and that is completely is unattainable without genetic markers. In everyone there are certain markers that can allow a geneticist to determine a person’s medical future, certain medicines work with some genetic markers and not with others. Many genes are linked to certain diseases and allow a geneticist to possibly prevent diseases. A genetic marker is a DNA sequence with a known specific location on the chromosome, they can be a great indicator for genetic disorders and any other hereditary diseases. Genetic markers are also used to identify genes whose locations are known, but still unidentified. Genetic markers may be part of a gene or have no known function. Genetic markers†¦show more content†¦It is a type of polymorphism and repeated sequences in intergenic regions of DNA. SSLPs are used to understand the genetic variation between two individuals. Another type of genetic marker is Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP), in which restriction enzymes are used to be isolate specific fragments of DNA, then these fragments are separated by length using gel electrophoresis. RFLP is an important tool in localizing genes for genetic disorder, genome mapping, finding risk for disease, and paternity testing. A third type of genetic marker is Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP), which is a PCR-base tool. It is used in different fields such as genetics, DNA fingerprinting, and genetic engineering. A fourth type of genetic marker is Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD), it is a type of PCR but in the case of RAPD the segment of amplified DNA would be random. It is used to trace the phylogeny of various plants a nd animals. A fifth type of genetic marker is Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP), it is a segment of DNA sequence in the genome. It is when a single nucleotide is changed in a genome. Most commonly SNPs have only two alleles. A sixth type of genetic marker is Variable Number Tandem Repeat (VNTR) is located in a genome where nucleotide sequence is arranged as tandem repeat and can be found on many